Código de prácticas para la reducción de ésteres de 3-MCPD y ésteres de glicidilo por Codex: ¿Estamos listos para adoptarlo?
Palabras clave:
Codex Alimentarius, 3-MCPD, Ésteres de glicidilo por codex, MalasiaResumen
Los ésteres de 3-monocloropropanediol (3-MCPDE) y los ésteres de glicidilo (EG) son contaminantes alimentarios procesados que se forman cuando el aceite vegetal se calienta a 180 °C (Hrncirik y van Duijin, 2011). Los precursores son cloro o cloruro para el primero y diacilglicerol para el segundo (Destaillats, 2012a y 2012b). Cuando se consume, el 3-MCPDE se hidroliza en 3-MCPD, mientras que el EG se hidroliza en glicidol en el tracto intestinal (JECFA, 2016). Se ha informado de que ambos productos hidrolizados son potencialmente cancerígenos para los seres humanos (monografías IARC, 2000 y 2012). Un estudio de la Autoridad Europea de Seguridad Alimentaria (EFSA, 2018) concluyó que el 3-MCPDE podría inducir una reducción de la mortalidad espermática e hiperplasia tubular renal.
Referencias bibliográficas
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Destaillats, F; Craft, B D; Dubois, M & Nagy, K (2012a). Glycidyl esters in refined palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil and related fractions. Part I: Formation mechanism. Food Chemistry, 131: 1391-1398.
Destaillats, F; Craft, B D; Sandoz, L & Nagy, K. (2012b). Formation mechanisms of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) fatty acid diesters in refined palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil and related fractions. Food Addit. Contam., 29: 29-37.
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FGV (2020). Media release: FGV launch Malaysia’s first ganoderma tolerant oil palm planting material. Recuperado de www. fgvholdings.com, acceso el 19 de agosto de 2020.
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Hrncirik, K & van Duijn, G. (2011). An initial study on the formation of 3-MCPD esters during oil refining. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 113: 374-379.
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs. (2012). Some chemicals present in industrial and consumer products, food and drinking water, Volume 101, World Health Organization Press.
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Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) (2016). Summario y conclusiones de la 18 reunión, 8-17 noviembre de 2016, Rome, JECFA/83/SC.
Kushairi, A; Rajanaidu, N; Jalani B S &Mohd Isa, Z A. (1999). PORIM Series 1- PORIM Elite oil palm planting materials, PORIM Information Series No. 15.
Norman, K; Walker, A K; Basri, M W; Lasalle, J & Polaszek, A. (1996). Hymenopterous parasitoids associated with the bagworm Metisa plana and Mahasena corbetti (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) on oil palms in Peninsular Malaysia, Bulletin of Entomological Research, 86: 432-439.
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Rahmat, N; Syed Mohd Hadi, S H; Norliza, S, Syahril Anuar, M R; Yosri, M S; Mohammed Faisal, MY; Ahmadilfitri, M N & Ahmad Jaril, A. (2019). Production of high quality crude palm oil (CPO) and low 3-MCPD esters RBD palm oil, Palm Oil Engineering Bulletin 131, p 24-28.
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Codex Alimentarius. (2019). Code of practice for the reduction of 3-monochloropropane-1,2- diol esters (3-MCPDEs) and glycidyl esters (GEs) in refined oils and food products made with refined oils, CXC 79-2019.
Destaillats, F; Craft, B D; Dubois, M & Nagy, K (2012a). Glycidyl esters in refined palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil and related fractions. Part I: Formation mechanism. Food Chemistry, 131: 1391-1398.
Destaillats, F; Craft, B D; Sandoz, L & Nagy, K. (2012b). Formation mechanisms of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) fatty acid diesters in refined palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil and related fractions. Food Addit. Contam., 29: 29-37.
EFSA Journal. (2018). Update of the risk assessment on 3-monochloropropane diol and its fatty acid esters. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5083.
FGV (2020). Media release: FGV launch Malaysia’s first ganoderma tolerant oil palm planting material. Recuperado de www. fgvholdings.com, acceso el 19 de agosto de 2020.
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2020). Codex Alimentarius. Recuperado de www.fao. org/fao-who-codexalimentarius, acceso el 18 de agosto de 2020.
Hrncirik, K & van Duijn, G. (2011). An initial study on the formation of 3-MCPD esters during oil refining. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 113: 374-379.
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs. (2012). Some chemicals present in industrial and consumer products, food and drinking water, Volume 101, World Health Organization Press.
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs. (2000). The evaluation of carcinogenic risks to human, some industrial chemicals, Volume 77, IARC Press.
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) (2016). Summario y conclusiones de la 18 reunión, 8-17 noviembre de 2016, Rome, JECFA/83/SC.
Kushairi, A; Rajanaidu, N; Jalani B S &Mohd Isa, Z A. (1999). PORIM Series 1- PORIM Elite oil palm planting materials, PORIM Information Series No. 15.
Norman, K; Walker, A K; Basri, M W; Lasalle, J & Polaszek, A. (1996). Hymenopterous parasitoids associated with the bagworm Metisa plana and Mahasena corbetti (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) on oil palms in Peninsular Malaysia, Bulletin of Entomological Research, 86: 432-439.
MPOB. (2015). Manual penggredan buah kelapa sawit MPOB Edisi Ketiga.
Rahmat, N; Syed Mohd Hadi, S H; Norliza, S, Syahril Anuar, M R; Yosri, M S; Mohammed Faisal, MY; Ahmadilfitri, M N & Ahmad Jaril, A. (2019). Production of high quality crude palm oil (CPO) and low 3-MCPD esters RBD palm oil, Palm Oil Engineering Bulletin 131, p 24-28.
Sime Darby. (2020). GenomeSelect. Recuperado de www. simedarbyplantation.com , acceso el 19 de agosto de 2020.
Swoboda; P A T (1980). Chemical changes causing deterioration of palm oil quality, Oil Palm Bulletin No 1, 4-8.
Cómo citar
Ibrahim, N. A. ., Rahma, C., Mat, C., Rahami, M. S., Wan Salleh, M. Z., & Ramli, M. R. (2022). Código de prácticas para la reducción de ésteres de 3-MCPD y ésteres de glicidilo por Codex: ¿Estamos listos para adoptarlo?. Palmas, 43(2), 52–58. Recuperado a partir de https://publicaciones.fedepalma.org/index.php/palmas/article/view/13841
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2022-08-01
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