Reutilización sostenible de residuos agroindustriales en ladrillos de cemento ecológico
Resumen
La fabricación de ladrillos suele consumir una cantidad relativamente alta de recursos naturales. Para reducir la huella de carbono en la industria de producción de ladrillos, la reutilización de residuos industriales en la fabricación de ladrillos sostenibles es una tendencia que se comenzó a investigar y aplicar recientemente. Año tras año, los países exportadores de aceite de palma producen grandes cantidades de residuos locales, como la cáscara de palma de aceite (OPS, por sus siglas en inglés), la ceniza de combustible de aceite de palma (POFA, por sus siglas en inglés) y el polvo de cantera (QD, por sus siglas en inglés). El QD de las industrias mineras también es peligroso para la calidad del agua del aire. Para una mejor gestión de los residuos en búsqueda de la sostenibilidad, estos residuos deben tener una segunda vida como materiales de construcción. Por lo tanto, este artículo investiga la posibilidad de incorporar residuos agroindustriales en la mezcla de ladrillos mediante el análisis de sus propiedades y realizando varias pruebas estandarizadas. Para el diseño de la mezcla se consideran experimentalmente un reemplazo del 100 % del agregado grueso con OPS, un reemplazo del 20 % del cemento con POFA, 20 % del peso de cemento de piedra caliza como mezcla y un reemplazo del 0 al 50 % del agregado fino con QD. La mezcla óptima de estos residuos se determina preliminarmente centrándose en la alta resistencia a la compresión como indicador. Otros análisis incluyen la resistencia a la rotura, la tracción y la flexión, la absorción de agua y las pruebas de eflorescencia. Aunque el ladrillo de cemento hecho con residuos agroindustriales tiene una relación de resistencia a peso 18 % más baja en comparación con el ladrillo convencional, se observa que tiene un mejor desarrollo de resistencia tardía debido a las propiedades puzolánicas de la POFA. Además, se verificó que el ladrillo de cemento ecológico propuesto cumpliera con varias normas para su uso viable en la industria de la construcción. En términos financieros, el costo del ladrillo con el nuevo diseño de mezcla es casi equivalente al del convencional. Por lo tanto, es razonable emplear este ladrillo de cemento ecológico en el sector de la construcción para promover la sostenibilidad de los materiales y mejorar la gestión de los residuos.
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