Producción de aceite de palma alto oleico (APAO) a partir de frutos partenocárpicos en híbridos interespecíficos de palma de aceite utilizando ácido naftalenacético
Palabras clave:
APAO, Polinización, Reguladores del crecimiento vegetal, Auxinas, Componentes del racimo, Perfil de ácidos grasosResumen
Los híbridos interespecíficos OxG de la palma africana Elaeis guineensis Jacq. y la palma americana Elaeis oleifera Cortés producen aceite de palma alto oleico (APAO) con bajo contenido de ácidos grasos saturados. Los híbridos OxG son altamente productivos, crecen lentamente y son resistentes a la Pudrición del cogollo. Sin embargo, el polen de los híbridos OxG presenta baja viabilidad y germinabilidad, haciendo necesaria la polinización asistida. Los híbridos pueden producir frutos partenocárpicos o sin semillas con la aplicación exógena de reguladores del crecimiento vegetal. Por lo tanto, se evaluaron los efectos del ácido naftalenacético (ANA) en la inducción de frutos partenocárpicos, la formación de racimos y la calidad del aceite. Se utilizó el híbrido OxG Coari x La Mé. Se definieron las dosis, la frecuencia, el número de aplicaciones de ANA y los estadios fenológicos para los tratamientos. Una dosis total
de 1.200 mg L−1 de ANA aplicado 3 o 4 veces produjo racimos con mejor cuajado de frutos, peso promedio de racimo similar y relación aceite a mesocarpio seco que los obtenidos mediante polinización asistida. A escala semicomercial, 1.200 mg L−1 de ANA indujeron racimos que tenían un 93 % o más de frutos sin semillas.
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