El uso de fluidos comprimidos para obtener biocompuestos a partir de la fibra del aceite de palma (Elaeis sp.)
Palabras clave:
desechos de palma de aceite, biocompuestos, fluidos presurizadosResumen
La fibra de racimos vacíos (FRV) es un desperdicio lignocelulósico creado por la agroindustria del aceite de palma. La cantidad de FRV producidos es igual al aceite obtenido y puede utilizarse como materia prima para conseguir biocompuestos. El objetivo de este trabajo es fragmentar la FRV utilizando fluidos presurizados en un sistema semicontinuo para obtener varios biocompuestos. Para esto, se utilizó agua pura y una mezcla de agua/dióxido de carbono como solvente para obtener monómeros del azúcar, y una mezcla comprimida de agua/etanol (1:1 vol.) para obtener celulosa cristalina. Los experimentos se realizaron en un rango de temperatura de 120 a 240 °C, utilizando tiempos de reacción de entre 5 y 15 min, a una presión de 60 bar y una tasa de flujo del solvente de 0,75 ml.min-1. Se obtuvo un máximo de 30,47 mg.ml-1 de xilosa a 210 °C durante 15 minutos de reacción con agua pura como solvente. La mejor condición para obtener celulosa cristalina fue con 240 °C, durante 30 minutos de reacción, obteniendo 38,2 % de celulosa de FRV de palma de aceite.
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Brasil. Ministério da Agricultura. Pecuária e Abastecimento. Anuário estatístico da agroenergia 2014: statistical yearbook of agrienergy 2014 / Ministério da Agricultura. Pecuária e Abastecimento. Secretaria de Produção e Agroenergia. Bilíngue. – Brasília: MAPA/ACS. 2015. 205 p.
Carvalheiro, F.; Duarte, L. C.; Gírio, F. M., Hemicellulose biorefineries: a review on biomass pretreatments. J. of Scientific & Industrial Research. 67, 849-864 (2008).
Chang, S. H., An overview of empty fruit bunch from oil palm as feedstock for bio-oil production. Biomass and Bioenergy. 62, 174-181 (2014).
Chiesa, S.; Gnansounou. E., Use of Empty Fruit Bunches from the Oil Palm for bioethanol production: A thorough comparison between dilute acid and dilute alkali pretreatment. Bioresource Technology. 159, 355-364 (2014).
García, A.; Alriols-G, M.; G.; Labidi, J., Evaluation of different lignocellulosic raw materials as potential alternative feedstocks in biorefinery processes. Industrial Crops and Products. 53, 102-110 (2014).
Guimarães, J. L.; Wypych, F.; Saul, C. K.; Ramos, L. P.; Satyanarayana, K.G., Studies of the processing and characterization of corn starch and its composites with banana and sugarcane fibers from Brazil. Carbohydratre Polymers. 80, 130-138 (2010).
Hassan, O.; Ling, T. P.; Maskat, M. Y.; Md. Illias, R.; Badri, K.; Jahim, J.; Mahadi, N. M., Optimization of pretreatments for the hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (EFBF) using enzyme mixtures. Biomass and Bioenergy. 56, 137-146 (2013).
Kurnin, N. A. A.; Ismail, M. H. S.; Yoshida, H.; Izhar, S., Recovery of Palm Oil and Valuable Material from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch by Sub-critical Water. Journal of Oleo Science. 65, 283-289 (2016).
Lachos-Pérez, D.; Martínez-Jiménez, F.; Rezende, C.,A.; Tompsett, G.; Timko, M.; Forster- Carneiro, T., Subcritical water hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse: An approach on solid residues characterization. J. of Supercritical Fluids 108, 69-78 (2016).
Lin, Y.; Ma, X.; Ning, X.; Yu, Z., TGA–FTIR analysis of co-combustion characteristics of paper sludge and oil-palm solid wastes. Energy Conversion and Management 89, 727-734 (2015).
Mood. S. H.; Golfeshan. A. H.; Tabatabaei. M.; Jouzani. G. S.; Najafi. G. H.; Gholami. M.; Ardjmand. M., Lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol. A comprehensive review with a focus on pretreatment. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 27, 77-93 (2013).
Nel. W. P.; Cooper. C. J., Implications of fossil fuel constraints on economic growth and global warming. Energy Policy. 37, 166-180 (2009).
NIST Chemistry WebBook, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Recuperado de http:// webbook.nist.gov/cgi/, Acceso en: January 19, 2017.
NREL - National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Determination of Sugars, Byproducts, and Degradation Products in Liquid Fraction Process Samples. NREL/TP-510-42623 (2008).
Oliveira, A. L. P. C.; Almeida, P. S.; Campos, M. C. V.; Franceschi, E.; Dariva, C.; Borges, G. R., Thermoliquefaction of Palm Oil Fiber (Elaeis sp.) Using Supercritical Ethanol. Bioresource Technology, 230, 1-7 (2017).
Relvas, F. M.; Morais, A. R. C.; Bogel-Lukasik, R. Kinetic modeling of hemicellulose-derived biomass hydrolysis under high pressure CO2-H2O mixture technology. J. of Supercritical Fluids. 99, 95-102 (2015).
Saldaña. M. D. A.; Valdivieso-Ramírez, C. S., Pressurized fluid systems: Phytochemical production from biomass. J. of Supercritical Fluids. 96, 228-244 (2015).
Toor, S. S.; Rosendahl, L.; Rudolf, A., Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: A review of subcritical water technologies. Energy. 36, 2328-2342 (2011).
Vaz Jr. S., O potencial dos co-produtos e dos residuos da biomassa na química renovável. Informativo CRQ-IV. 118, 12-13 (2012).
Wen, D.; Jiang, H.; Zhang, K., Supercritical fluids technology for clean biofuel production, Progress in Natural Science. 19, 273-284 (2009).
Wyman.C.E.,Ethanolfromlignocellulosicbiomass:Technology.economicsandopportunities. Bioresource Technology. 50, 3-16 (1994).
Yoon, C. J.; Kim, K. W., Anatomical descriptions of silicified woods from Madagascar and Indonesia by scanning electron microscopy. Micron. 39, 825831 (2008).
Zakaria, M. R.; Norrrahim, M. N. F.; Hirata, S.; Hassan, M. A., Hydrothermal and wet disk milling pretreatment for high conversion of biosugars from oil palm mesocarp fiber. Bioresource Technology. 181, 263-269 (2015).
Cómo citar
de Oliveira, A. L. P. C. ., da C. Goes, A. C., Almeida, P. S., Borges, G. R., Francheschi, E., & Dariva, C. (2020). El uso de fluidos comprimidos para obtener biocompuestos a partir de la fibra del aceite de palma (Elaeis sp.). Palmas, 41(3), 53–66. Recuperado a partir de https://publicaciones.fedepalma.org/index.php/palmas/article/view/13231
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