Control biológico de insectos plaga de palma de aceite en Indonesia
Palabras clave:
M. anisopliae, , B. bassiana, , C. militaris, B. thuringiensis, baculovirus, feromonas, trampa de frutas, bioinsecticidaResumen
Desde la implementación obligatoria del Aceite de Palma Sostenible en Indonesia (ISPO), el control biológico se ha convertido en la primera alternativa para regular los insectos plaga en la mayoría de plantaciones de palma de aceite de Indonesia. Estos incluyen la conservación de depredadores y parasitoides, el uso de hongos, virus, bacterias, cebos e insecticidas de origen vegetal. La conservación de predadores y parasitoides, mediante el manejo ecológico, ha sido una práctica común tanto en planta- ciones comerciales como pequeñas. El Metarhizium anisopliae se encuentra entre las especies de hongos entomopatógenos ampliamente utilizados para menguar las poblaciones de los principales insectos plaga. Se ha demostrado que la combinación de M. anisopliae y un cebo, reducen la población de escarabajos rinoceronte. La aplicación de baculovirus y Bacillus thuringiensis es bastante prometedora para controlar orugas. La fumigación continua con baculovirus, en una finca de palma de aceite, mantuvo la población de Setothosea asigna bajo el umbral económico durante dos años consecutivos. Por otra parte, B. thuringiensis demostró ser efectiva contra larvas de lepidópteras. Además de los enemigos naturales, el uso de cebos e insecticidas naturales también logró reducir la población de escarabajos rinoceronte y gusano del saco, respectivamente. La formulación de enemigos naturales quizás siga siendo un reto para la implementación de controles biológicos en las plantaciones de palma de aceite.
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Cómo citar
Priwiratama, H. ., Eko Prasetyo, A. ., & Susanto, A. (2019). Control biológico de insectos plaga de palma de aceite en Indonesia. Palmas, 40(Especial T), 77–93. Recuperado a partir de https://publicaciones.fedepalma.org/index.php/palmas/article/view/13030
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